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CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
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1
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| 
The Historical Underpinnings Of Bankruptcy — A Very Brief Primer
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2 | 
 
 
| 
The Genesis Of U.S. Bankruptcy Law | 
3
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 | Working De?nition Of “Bankruptcy” And “Reorganization”
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4 |  
 | Why Are You Reading This Book?
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4 | 
 
 | Standard Lawyerly Cautionary Information |  
6 | 
 
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CHAPTER TWO: Chapter II: The Reorganization Process |  
7 | 
 
 The “Bankruptcy Code”:    What Is A “Chapter 11 Bankruptcy”? 
  What Is A “Chapter 7 Bankruptcy”? What Do People Mean 
  When They Throw Around “Code Sections” In Conversation?
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7 | 
 
 | Who Is Eligible For Chapter 11 Reorganization? |  
9 | 
 
 | What’s All This Talk About “Cross-Border Insolvencies?” |  
10 | 
 
 | Getting The Process Started | 
10 |  
 | What’s This “Insolvency” Thing? | 
11 |  
 The “Pecking Order”— 
  Payment Priorities In Reorganization Cases
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12 |  
 | The “Secured Creditor" | 
12 |  
 | The “Administrative And Priority Claimants” | 
12 |  
 | The “General Unsecured Creditors” | 
12 |  
 | The “The Equityholders: | 
13 |  
 | The The "Off Balance Sheet Creditors” | 
13 |  
 | The The “Reorganization Process” | 
13 |  
 “It’s A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World” —  
  The Reorganization Process As Popular Entertainment
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14 |  
 What Exactly Is The Reorganization 
  Process Designed To Accomplish?
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16 |  
 | Allow For A Cooling Of Tempers | 
17 |  
 | Allow The Debtor’s Business A Chance To Stabilize | 
17 |  
 | Level The Playing Field | 
17 |  
 | Allow For And Encourage Financial and Operational Introspection | 
17 |  
 | Allow Alliances To Form | 
17 |  
 | Allow A Consensus To Build | 
17 |  
 | Assist With "Holdouts" | 
18 |  
 | Centralize Disputes | 
18 |  
 | Allow For Plan Formulation And Con?rmation | 
18 |  
 | The Odds (How The Deck Is Stacked) | 
18 |  
 | The Players And Their Roles | 
19 |  
 | The DIP | 
20 |  
 | The Secured Creditors | 
21 |  
 | The Official Unsecured Creditors Committee | 
22 |  
 | The Official Equityholders Committee | 
23 |  
 | “Ad Hoc” Committees | 
23 |  
 | Parties To “Executory Contracts And Unexpired Leases" | 
24 |  
 | The Examiner | 
25 |  
 | The Trustee | 
25 |  
 | The U.S. Trustee | 
26 |  
 | The Bankruptcy Court | 
26 |  
 | The District Court And Appellate Courts | 
27 |  
 | The “Interlopers” | 
28 |  
 | The Professional Team | 
29 |  
 The “Proactive” versus “Reactive” Reorganization Cases — 
  The Need For A Viable Exit Strategy
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36 |  
 The Three Phases Of An Exit Strategy — 
  “Identi?cation,” “Action Items,” And “Implementation”
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37 |  
 The Ultimate In Proactive Bankruptcies: 
  The “Prepackaged Bnkruptcy"
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39 |  
 | CHAPTER THREE: The New Realities | 
41 |  
 | Making The Transitions—Attitudinal Adjustments |  
41 | 
 
 | The Reorganization “Inverted Bell Curve” |  
42 | 
 
 | The Elastic Concept Of Time In Chapter 11 Reorganizations |  
43 | 
 
 | The Personal Toll |  
43 | 
 
 | Prepare For The Inevitable Personal Attacks |  
43 | 
 
 | New Stresses On Management |  
43 | 
 
 | "Hand Holding" |  
43 | 
 
 | “A Death In The Family” |  
44 | 
 
 | Executive Compensation |  
44 | 
 
 | Need To Be Accessible To Your Professional Team And Creditor Constituencies |  
44 | 
 
 | Just Whom Does My Lawyer Represent Anyway? |  
45 | 
 
 | Going To Court Early To Get The “Lay Of The Land” |  
46 | 
 
 | “Show Me The Money!” |  
46 | 
 
 | The “Sacrificial Lambs" |  
47 | 
 
 | Life In A Fishbowl (Including The Ultimate Fishing
Expedition— The “2004 Examination”) |  
47 | 
 
 | Your New Business Partners — Everybody’s Got An Opinion |  
48 | 
 
 | Keeping The World Informed |  
48 | 
 
 | Working With Committees |  
48 | 
 | The Company IS In Play — Live With It |  
49 | 
 
 | The “Revlon Duty To Shop” |  
49 | 
  
 | The “Predatory Constituents” |  
50 | 
  
 Protecting The Franchise: 
  Confidentiality Agreements And “Chinese Walls"
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50 | 
  
 | So Explain Again Why I Decided To Make This Trip? |  
51 | 
  
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CHAPTER FOUR: Surviving To Plan Confirmation |  
52 | 
 
 | The Venue Game |  
52 | 
 
 | The “Order For Relief ” — Let The Games Begin! | 
55 |  
 | The “Estate” — What Exactly Is It? | 
56 |  
 | The Automatic Stay | 
57 |  
 | Scope (The Good News) | 
57 |  
 | Exceptions (The Bad News) | 
60 |  
 | Relief From Stay And The Concept Of “Adequate Protection” | 
61 |  
 | First Day Orders | 
65 |  
 | The Beauty Of “Interim Orders” And “Negative Notice” | 
67 |  
 “Excuse Me, But Your Golden Parachute Has Some Rust On It” —    Management Severance In Corporate Restructurings | 
68 |  
 Packages For Non-Senior Level People —    Pre-BAPCPA and post BAPCPA | 
70 |  
 Preconfirmation Severance And Indemnity
   Arrangements For Senior Level Executives — Pre-BAPCPA | 
70 |  
 BAPCPA Changes To Post-Bankruptcy   Severance/Retention Arrangements | 
72 |  
 Postconfirmation Severance And Indemnity   Arrangements For Senior Level Executives | 
76 |  
 Bankruptcy Court Approval Of All Severance   Arrangements Is Necessary | 
77 |  
 | Financing The Preconfirmation Operations | 
77 |  
 | Cash Collateral Use | 
78 |  
 | DIP Financing | 
82 |  
 | Stabilizing The Business Operations | 
86 |  
 | Reestablishment Of Trade Terms And Credit | 
86 |  
 | “Ordinary Course” Transactions | 
87 |  
 | Reporting Requirements And Other Annoyances | 
87 |  
 | Statements And Schedules | 
88 |  
 | Interim Operating Reports | 
92 |  
 | Dealing With Utility Companies | 
93 |  
 | Dealing With The SEC | 
94 |  
 | Dealing With D&O Lawsuits | 
95 |  
 | Protecting The D&O Insurance Policy | 
95 |  
 | Securities Fraud Claims Injunctions | 
95 |  
 | Dealing With The “Special Claims” | 
95 |  
 | The EPA And Environmental Cleanup Claims | 
96 |  
 | The PBGC and Underfunded Pension Plans | 
97 |  
 | “PACA” — It’s Not Just For Breakfast Anymore | 
99 |  
 | Personal Liability For Unpaid Withholding Taxes | 
99 |  
 | Transfer Taxes | 
100 |  
 | Reclamation Claims | 
100 |  
 | Retiree Benefits And Collective Bargaining Agreements | 
101 |  
 | Sale Of Assets | 
101 |  
 | Sales “Free And Clear” | 
102 |  
 | Credit Bids | 
102 |  
 | Every Sale Is An Auction Sale | 
102 |  
 | The “Strong Arm” Powers — Speak Softly But Carry A Big Stick | 
104 |  
 | Preferences | 
104 |  
 | Fraudulent Converyances | 
106 |  
 | Avoidance of “Secret Liens” | 
107 |  
 | The DIP As The “Hypothetical Bona Fide Purchaser" | 
108 |  
 | Post-Bankruptcy Transactions | 
108 |  
 | Dealing With Executory Contracts And Unexpired Leases | 
109 |  
 | What Is an “Executory Contract”? | 
109 |  
 | Assumption Or Rejection | 
111 |  
 | The “Special” Contracts | 
113 |  
 | Licenses Of Intellectual Property | 
113 |  
 | Shopping Center Leases | 
114 |  
 | Airport Landing Slots | 
114 |  
 | Timeshare Agreements | 
115 |  
 | Collective Bargaining Agreements | 
115 |  
 | Retiree Benefits | 
115 |  
 Bankruptcy Court Jurisdiction   (And Limitations On That Jurisdiction) | 
116 |  
 | Jurisdiction Over Assets | 
116 |  
 | “Core” Versus “Non-Core” Matters | 
117 |  
 | State Entities And The Seminole Tribe Problem | 
118 |  
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CHAPTER FIVE: The Plan Of Reorganization |  
120 | 
 
 | Defining “Success” In Chapter 11 |  
121 | 
 
 | Quantifying The Debts — The “Bar Date” Order | 
122 |  
 | Step One: The Negotiation Process And Dynamics | 
123 | 
 
 The “Used Car” Theory Of Corporate   Reorganization Negotiation | 
123 | 
 
 You’re Bound At The Wrists —   Better Learn To Live With Each Other | 
125 | 
 
 | Keeping Control — “Exclusivity” Rules! | 
125 | 
 
 Understanding And Appreciating What The   Constituents Want And Need | 
126 | 
 
 | Step Two: Drafting The Plan Of Reorganization | 
129 | 
 
 | The Component Parts Of A Plan | 
130 | 
 
 | Step Three: The Disclosure Statement | 
133 | 
 
 | The Necessary Components Of A Disclosure Statement | 
134 | 
 
 | Disclosure Statement Projections | 
135 | 
 
 | Valuations — When Is Value Not Always Value? | 
135 | 
 
 | The Disclosure Statement Approval Process | 
136 | 
 
 | Step Four: The Solicitation Process | 
137 | 
 
 | The Logistics | 
137 | 
 
 | The “Solicitation Package” | 
138 | 
 
 | Who Is Entitled To Vote | 
138 | 
 
 | The Concept Of “Class Voting” | 
140 | 
 
 | “Bad Faith” Votes — The Concept Of “Designation Of Ballots" | 
140 | 
 
 “A Card Laid Is A Card Played” —   Changing Votes Once They’re Made | 
141 | 
 
 | The Tabulation Process | 
141 | 
 
 | Step Five: The Plan Confirmation Process | 
142 | 
 
 | The Thirteen Requirements For Confirmation | 
142 | 
 
 | A Word About Non-Voting Equity Securities | 
145 | 
 
 | A Word About Preserving NOLs | 
146 | 
 
 | Feasibility | 
146 | 
 
 | “Cramdown” And The Absolute Priority Rule | 
147 | 
 
 | The “Holy Grail" - Discharge | 
149 | 
 
 | Exculpation and Releases | 
150 | 
 
 | Step Six: “Going Effective” | 
153 | 
 
 | The “The “Effective Date” | 
153 | 
 
 | The Legal Effect Of A Confirmed Plan | 
154 | 
 
 | “Channeling Injunctions" | 
154 | 
 | Postconfirmation Activities | 
155 | 
 
 | Plan Defaults | 
155 | 
 
 | Plan Amendments And “Substantial Consummation” | 
155 | 
 
 | Default Remedies | 
156 | 
 
 | Serial Filings | 
157 | 
 
 | The “Final Decree” | 
157 | 
  
 | CHAPTER SIX: Arbitration: Ten Myths About Reorganization | 
158 | 
 
 | Myth One: “You can sell assets out from under liens!” |  
158 | 
 
 | Myth Two: “You can ‘cramdown’ a plan on all your creditors!” |  
159 | 
 
 | Myth Three: “It’s business as usual during the case!" |  
159 | 
 
 Myth Four: “Customers will never deal   with a company in bankruptcy!" |  
160 | 
 
 | Myth Five: “The automatic stay protects you against all evils!" |  
160 | 
 
 | Myth Six: “All your contracts are re-negotiable!” |  
160 | 
 
 Myth Seven: “I’m the DIP—it’s my business judgment,   dammit, and I’m in control of the process!” |  
161 | 
 
 Myth Eight: “What’s good for the shareholders   is good for the company!" |  
162 | 
 
 | Myth Nine: “The discharge clears all the company’s debts!” |  
162 | 
 
 | Myth Ten: “You’ll never borrow in this town again!" |  
162 | 
 
 | End Notes |  
164 | 
 
 | APPENDICES: Appendix: Description |  
218 | 
 
 | A: Glossary of Commonly Used Bankruptcy Terms |  
218 | 
 
 | B: Hypothetical Reorganization Timeline |  
258 | 
 
 | C: Sample Press Release |  
263 | 
 
 | D: Voluntary Petition |  
266 | 
 
 | E: Sample “First Day Orders" |  
281 | 
 
 | F: Sample Key Employee Retention Program |  
380 | 
 
 | G: Sample Committee Control Motion |  
386 | 
 
 | H: Sample Confidentiality Agreement |  
397 | 
 
 | I: Sample Cash Collateral Agreement |  
401 | 
 
 | J: Sample DIP Financing Agreement |  
421 | 
 
 | K: Sample Operating Report |  
441 | 
 
 | L: Sample Bar Date Order |  
454 | 
 
 | M: Sample “Solicitation Package" |  
463 | 
 
 N: Sample Plan and Disclosure Statement —   Debt-to-Equity Conversion |  
478 | 
 
 | O: Sample Plan — Liquidation |  
601 | 
 
 | P: Houlihan Lokey Termination Fee Study |  
639 | 
 
 Q: Summary of Management Stock Incentive Plans 
  Implemented in Recent Restructuring 
  Transactions (HLHZ Report)
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678 |